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Spilling

Multi-Level Merge: How DataFusion Sorts More Data Than It Can Hold, One Pass at a Time

Oct 21, 2026 8 min read Jay Hubbert

DataFusion’s multi-level merge merges the sorted runs it can afford, spills the merged result back to disk, and repeats until one pass remains, re-spilling skewed runs whose widest …

DatafusionSortingSpillingPerformanceInternals

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